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Faizan
Ford offered several variants of the 2.3-liter four-cylinder engine for its cars and trucks. The most recent version was the 2003 to 2009 Duratec 23. It's a different engine than the Lima 2.3-liter in-line four that powered primarily the older compact Ford Ranger trucks. An unrelated 2.3-liter HSC engine came in passenger cars from 1984 to 1994.
Duratec 2.3
The Duratec 2.3-liter engine carried two designations: the 23EW manufactured in Chihuahua, Mexico, or the 23NS produced in Dearborn, Michigan. Both engines featured an all-aluminum block with cast-iron cylinder liners and an aluminum cylinder head. These engines had fuel injection. The 23EW powered the front-wheel-drive 2003 to 2007 Ford Focus, the all-wheel-drive 2005 to 2008 Ford Escape and Mazda Tribute sport utility vehicles, and the front-wheel-drive 2005 to 2009 Ford Fusion and Mercury Milan. Output during this period was 151 horsepower. The 23NS version saw service in 2001 Ford Ranger and Mazda B-Series trucks and generated 143 horsepower.
Lima 2.3
The Lima 2.3s belonged to the 2-, 2.3- and 2.5-liter family of in-line four-cylinder engines. The U.S. version arrived in 1974 to power the Ford Pinto. It was identified with a two-barrel Weber/Holley carburetor and a points distributor. A Duraspark electronic ignition came with 1975 and later Fords. In 1981, the 2.3-liter's intake ports changed to a "D" shape from an oval configuration. Model year 1983 and later Rangers received the 2.3-liter four. Four evenly spaced round holes in the heads identify these 2.3s. In 1989, the 2.3 received a distributorless ignition system and had eight plugs for the head. Other identifiers on the Lima 2.3 were the two-piece rear main seal on pre-1986 models, and a single-piece rear main seal in 1986 and later Rangers. Rangers received 2.3s with roller cams in 1989, as did the Mustangs, starting in 1991.
HSC Engines
From 1984 to 1994, in its Lima plant, Ford produced the 2.3-liter HSC, or High Swirl Combustion, engine for its Tempo and Mercury Topaz cars. The HSC generated 90 horsepower. Model year 1984 engines were equipped with a one-barrel Holley 6149 carburetor. Engines from 1985 to 1991 had a central fuel-injection system, and from 1992 to 1994, a sequential fuel-injection system. All engines had a cast-iron block. Another identifier was a shroud covering the intake valves to produce a swirling affect in the air-fuel mixture. Ford also mounted exhaust and intake ports on the same side of cylinder head.
Engine Codes
The eighth digit of Ford's Vehicle Identification Number, or VIN, features a letter that identifies the engine in each Ford passenger car or truck. Ford affixed the VIN to the top portion of the dashboard on the driver's side corner. Light-duty Ford trucks equipped with a fuel-injected 135-horsepower Duratec 2.3-liter, in-line four-cylinder engine had the letter "D" in the VIN. Ford passenger cars equipped with the 151-horsepower Duratec 2.3-liter featured a "Z," while turbocharged, 175-horsepower Lima 2.3s had a "T" as the eighth digit in the VIN. Owners can identify a 145-horsepower version of the turbocharged, Lima 2.3 by a "W" in the VIN. The HSC 2.3-liter engines had an "S" in the VIN.
Duratec 2.3
The Duratec 2.3-liter engine carried two designations: the 23EW manufactured in Chihuahua, Mexico, or the 23NS produced in Dearborn, Michigan. Both engines featured an all-aluminum block with cast-iron cylinder liners and an aluminum cylinder head. These engines had fuel injection. The 23EW powered the front-wheel-drive 2003 to 2007 Ford Focus, the all-wheel-drive 2005 to 2008 Ford Escape and Mazda Tribute sport utility vehicles, and the front-wheel-drive 2005 to 2009 Ford Fusion and Mercury Milan. Output during this period was 151 horsepower. The 23NS version saw service in 2001 Ford Ranger and Mazda B-Series trucks and generated 143 horsepower.
Lima 2.3
The Lima 2.3s belonged to the 2-, 2.3- and 2.5-liter family of in-line four-cylinder engines. The U.S. version arrived in 1974 to power the Ford Pinto. It was identified with a two-barrel Weber/Holley carburetor and a points distributor. A Duraspark electronic ignition came with 1975 and later Fords. In 1981, the 2.3-liter's intake ports changed to a "D" shape from an oval configuration. Model year 1983 and later Rangers received the 2.3-liter four. Four evenly spaced round holes in the heads identify these 2.3s. In 1989, the 2.3 received a distributorless ignition system and had eight plugs for the head. Other identifiers on the Lima 2.3 were the two-piece rear main seal on pre-1986 models, and a single-piece rear main seal in 1986 and later Rangers. Rangers received 2.3s with roller cams in 1989, as did the Mustangs, starting in 1991.
HSC Engines
From 1984 to 1994, in its Lima plant, Ford produced the 2.3-liter HSC, or High Swirl Combustion, engine for its Tempo and Mercury Topaz cars. The HSC generated 90 horsepower. Model year 1984 engines were equipped with a one-barrel Holley 6149 carburetor. Engines from 1985 to 1991 had a central fuel-injection system, and from 1992 to 1994, a sequential fuel-injection system. All engines had a cast-iron block. Another identifier was a shroud covering the intake valves to produce a swirling affect in the air-fuel mixture. Ford also mounted exhaust and intake ports on the same side of cylinder head.
Engine Codes
The eighth digit of Ford's Vehicle Identification Number, or VIN, features a letter that identifies the engine in each Ford passenger car or truck. Ford affixed the VIN to the top portion of the dashboard on the driver's side corner. Light-duty Ford trucks equipped with a fuel-injected 135-horsepower Duratec 2.3-liter, in-line four-cylinder engine had the letter "D" in the VIN. Ford passenger cars equipped with the 151-horsepower Duratec 2.3-liter featured a "Z," while turbocharged, 175-horsepower Lima 2.3s had a "T" as the eighth digit in the VIN. Owners can identify a 145-horsepower version of the turbocharged, Lima 2.3 by a "W" in the VIN. The HSC 2.3-liter engines had an "S" in the VIN.
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