Saturday, 25 August 2018

Corporate Social Responsibility of Private Companies in Natural Disasters

1. INTRODUCTION:

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History is the sole witness to the phenomenon of shift in priorities in Business. There was a sudden lateral shift, wherein the focus drastically shifted from profit maximization to welfare of the society. This in terms of various management Gurus was the era of 'Corporate Social Responsibility.' CSR can be defined as 'bringing corporate behaviour up to a level where it is congruent with the prevailing social norms, values, and expectations of performance.'

By Indian Companies Act, 1956, Section(3) (1) a company means a company registered under companies act, like any juristic person company is a legal entity. By this act it acquires a legal status muta mutandis to that of a person, one who is capable of having his own Rights and duties. CSR is nothing but a way to accomplish the fundamental duties prescribed in the constitution of India which a normal legal person is suppose to follow.

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According to Berle 'Company' is not merely a legal institution rather a device for attainment of socio economic end. In layman's term Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an obligation rather a mandate that a corporation needs to abide to in order to maintain a perfect equilibrium between the 3Ps i.e. Profit maximization, people's right, and the planet. Nothing in this world comes for free, CSR is the opportunity cost that the company has to pay in order to exist in this society.

Archie B. Carrol (1979) defines social responsibility as a four step scale. He feels the company apart from economic and legal responsibilities also has ethical responsibilities. Several scholars tried to develop an integrated model to define the perfect structure of CSR, however no one has successfully propounded one.

Modern business organisation is nothing but a hub of socially conscious people who constantly make an effort to align their profitable opportunities and ventures with their social industries and values intact. CSR provides a skeleton of boundary for free market to operate in a responsible manner. It is an undisputed fact that the legal framework of India has empowered the companies to the heights of zenith, but one must never forget with great power comes great responsibility.

To conclude this section, It may be noted that CSR is not a modern discovery and certainly not a discovery that can be accredited to the economically developed nations around the globe. Altogether CSR has travelled a long way, from the lines of philanthropy to a legal mandate; it has incorporated several changes in itself. Hopefully the noble concept of CSR doesn't disappear midst the urban blight.

1.2. CSR and Natural Disasters: A brief idea

There has been a rapid growth in the facet of CSR for disaster management and combating techniques. India has been customarily susceptible disasters on account of its unique geographical dimension. In view of India's high vulnerability profile, the recurrent phenomena of a range of geophysical as well as hydro-meteorological hazards impact millions across the country leaving behind a trail of heavy loss of lives, property and livelihoods. Many Areas tend to lose their development gains due to these draconian events. The economic and social losses caused by natural disasters continue to scale year after year as disasters occur with unswerving regularity encircling every possible segment of the nation including the industrial and corporate sector.

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